Chen Ji Asks About Fortifications

Tian Ji asked Sun Bin: “Our troops suddenly encounter the enemy and cannot stop their attack. What should be done?” Sun Bin replied: “This is a question only a wise general would ask. This is something ordinary people easily overlook and do not treat as urgent. This ... is precisely the planning needed when the state is in crisis.” Tian Ji said: “Can you tell me about it?” Sun Bin said: “I can. This method is used to respond when suddenly falling into a predicament, trapped in a narrow pass or a death ground. This is also the tactic I used to capture Pang Juan and take the Wei crown prince Shen alive.” Tian Ji said: “Good. But the events are already past, and the appearance of the situation at that time can no longer be seen.” Sun Bin said: “Caltrops serve as ditches and ponds. Chariots serve as ramparts. ... serve as battlements. Shields serve as parapets. Long-weapon units follow close behind, to rescue endangered points. The next line supports the long-weapon units. Short-weapon units come behind them, to cut off the enemy’s retreat and intercept the exhausted......