The Command of Multitudes

In general, the essentials of warfare are these: when one’s forces are few, one must be solid; when they are many, one must be orderly. Few troops are suited to shifting tactics; many troops are suited to open, direct confrontation. With many troops, the key is to advance and halt in good order; with few troops, the key is flexibility in advance and retreat. When our large army deals with a small enemy force, surround it from a distance and deliberately leave a gap. If our forces are few, attack in relays and waves to deal with the enemy’s large army. If the enemy is thrown into confusion by our actions, seize the opportunity and adapt as circumstances require. When we hold favorable ground, furl the banners, lure the enemy in, and then strike back at them. If the enemy is numerous, concentrate our troops and prepare to withstand encirclement. If the enemy is few and fearful, leave a gap and give them a way out; do not slaughter them to the last man. In warfare, one should have the wind at one’s back, high ground behind one, high ground on the right, and strategic......