The Momentum of Military Operations

The momentum on which military operations rely has three sources: first, Heaven; second, Earth; third, People. The momentum of Heaven refers to the sun and moon moving clearly and in orderly fashion, the five planets each occupying their proper positions, comets and other anomalous signs bringing no calamity, and wind, rain, and climate being harmonious and moderate. The momentum of Earth refers to high and steep city walls and layered cliffs, mighty rivers surging for a thousand li, deep stone gates and dangerous caverns, and winding narrow paths that curve and loop. The momentum of People refers to a wise ruler and worthy generals, the entire army observing ritual and legal order, soldiers willing to risk their lives, and provisions sufficient and armor and weapons solid and complete. A general skilled in using troops complies with the timing of Heaven, relies on the advantages of terrain, and depends on the benefits of human harmony; thus he is invincible wherever he turns, and every attack he launches carries full assurance. Modern Application:The previous......