Observing Conditions

When an enemy raises troops but remains quiet, it is because they are relying on dangerous terrain. When they press close and provoke battle, they want our side to advance first. When trees move without wind, war chariots are approaching. When the dust is low and spreads widely, infantry are advancing. When their words are tough and they adopt a posture of advance, they are preparing to retreat. When they half advance and half withdraw, they are luring the enemy. When they walk leaning on staffs, they are hungry. When they see an advantage but do not advance, they are exhausted. When birds flock over the enemy camp, the camp is empty. When there is noise at night, it is fear. When military discipline is lax, the general has lost authority. When banners are in disorder, there is internal chaos. When officers repeatedly lose their temper, they have run out of options. Frequent rewards mean they are in dire straits. Frequent punishments mean they are trapped in difficulty. When they send envoys to negotiate in a submissive tone, they want to stop fighting. When they......