The Former Disciples

Confucius said, "Those who first learn rituals and music before taking office were commoners without hereditary rank. Those who assumed office first and then learned rituals and music were scions of noble families. If I were to select talent, I would choose those who learned rituals and music first." Confucius said, "The disciples who endured hardships with me between Chen and Cai are no longer by my side." Those excelling in virtue included Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, and Zhong Gong. Skilled in speech were Zai Wo and Zigong. Adept in governance were Ran You and Ji Lu. Proficient in classical literature were Ziyou and Zixia. Confucius remarked, "Yan Hui is no mere follower—he never disagrees with anything I say." Confucius said, "How filial Min Ziqian is! No one disputes the praises of his conduct toward parents and siblings." After Nan Rong repeatedly recited the poem "White Jade Scepter," Confucius married his elder brother's daughter to him. Ji Kangzi asked, "Who among your disciples is most studious?" Confucius replied, "There was Yan Hui—unfortunately, he......