Xiang Dang

When Confucius was in his hometown, he appeared humble and mild, almost as if he were inarticulate. Yet in ancestral temples and court assemblies, he spoke with clarity and fluency, though always with measured caution. At court before the ruler arrived, he conversed warmly and cheerfully with lower-ranking officials, while engaging upper-ranking officials with uprightness and reverence. When the ruler appeared, he maintained a composed demeanor of respectful unease. Summoned by the ruler to receive guests, his expression turned solemn, his steps brisk. He bowed to those beside him, clasped his hands left and right, his robes swaying neatly as he moved. When advancing swiftly, he resembled a bird spreading its wings. After guests departed, he always reported to the ruler: "The guests have withdrawn completely." Entering the court gates, he moved with such caution as if there were no space to stand. He avoided the center of doorways and never stepped on thresholds. Passing the ruler’s seat, his face grew solemn, his pace quickened, and his voice softened as if......