Quan Tao: Spearhead Assault

King Wu asked Tai Gong:
"The vital principle of warfare lies in possessing mighty chariots, valiant cavalry, and shock troops capable of charging through enemy lines. When we detect an exploitable weakness in the enemy, we must strike. But what precise conditions signal such an opportunity?"

Tai Gong replied:
"To attack the enemy, observe fourteen vulnerabilities. If even one manifests, launch an assault, and victory is assured."

King Wu pressed:
"Can you elaborate on these fourteen vulnerabilities?"

Tai Gong answered:
"Strike when:

1. The enemy has newly assembled and is not yet entrenched.

2. Their troops and horses are unfed and weakened by hunger.

3. The weather or season disfavors them (e.g., extreme cold, storms).

4. The terrain disadvantages them (e.g., swamps, cliffs).

5. They are hastily marching or rushing to advance.

6. They are unprepared, with defenses unorganized.

7. They appear fatigued after prolonged combat.

8. Their commanders are separated from troops, leaving them leaderless.

9. They are exhausted from a long march.

10. They are crossing a river—half in water, half on land.

11. They are in disarray, struggling to maintain order.

12. They traverse narrow defiles or treacherous passes.

13. Their formations are disordered, lacking cohesion.

14. Their morale is broken, consumed by fear and doubt."

King Wu remarked:
"Now I understand the art of decisive strikes!"