Wu Tao: Three Critical Uncertainties in Military Strategy

King Wu asked Tai Gong:
“I wish to achieve great deeds, yet I harbor three doubts: I fear my strength is insufficient to attack formidable enemies, I worry I cannot alienate the trusted aides of the enemy ruler, and I doubt my ability to dismantle the enemy’s army. What should I do?”

Tai Gong replied:
“First, harness circumstances and guide momentum; second, employ stratagems with caution; third, utilize wealth strategically. To attack a powerful enemy, you must embolden them into arrogance. Allow them to grow complacent in their strength and reckless in their pride. When an enemy becomes excessively domineering, they will inevitably face collapse; when they grow overly arrogant, they will commit fatal errors. To conquer a strong foe, first amplify their tyranny; to divide the enemy’s inner circle, first bribe their confidants; to dismantle their army, first win the hearts of their people.

On Employing Stratagems:
The utmost priority lies in meticulous planning. Promise the enemy advantages and grant them benefits—this will inevitably spark internal strife. To sow discord between the enemy ruler and their ministers, exploit their desires: lavish gifts upon their favored sycophants, fulfill their cravings, and promise them abundant rewards. This will alienate them from their ruler and render them ineffective. Delighted by the gains we provide, they will not suspect our schemes.

On Attacking a Powerful Enemy:
The general method is to first blind the enemy ruler’s eyes and ears, then strike their mighty army, destroy their vast state, and liberate the suffering populace. To blind the ruler:

• Corrupt him with sensual allure,

• Entice him with lavish profits,

• Indulge him with delicacies,

• Bewilder him with decadent pleasures.

On Securing Victory:
Having alienated his allies, you must further isolate him from his people. Do not let him uncover our plans. Lure him into our trap while he remains oblivious to our intent—only then can great deeds be accomplished.

On Governing the People:
Bestow kindness upon the populace without sparing resources. The people are like oxen and horses: nourish them consistently, and they will obey and cling to you. The mind generates wisdom, wisdom generates wealth, wealth nurtures the people, and from the people emerge talents. When multitudes of talents arise, they will assist the ruler in governing the world.”